Kazakhstan by the Numbers 2026: 50+ Statistics & Facts

Kazakhstan in 2026 is a 20.50 million-person country with a 63.6% urban population, a 470.17 KZT/USD reference rate, 10.6% annual inflation, and 15.74 million inbound tourism crossings in 2025. The strongest story is not one number but the gap between official travel flows and English-language demand: neighboring Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia dominate arrivals, while about-kazakhstan.com’s early search audience is led by the USA, Canada, France, the Philippines, and Australia. This page turns that gap into a citeable dataset.

Quick Facts

• Population on January 1, 2026: 20,495,975 people [1]
• Population on April 1, 2026: 20,547,909 people [3]
• Urban population: 13,029,803 people, or 63.6% [1]
• Rural population: 7,466,172 people, or 36.4% [1]
• Largest city: Almaty, 2,348,103 people at the beginning of 2026 [2]
• Capital city: Astana, 1,639,176 people at the beginning of 2026 [2]
• Third city: Shymkent, 1,294,050 people at the beginning of 2026 [2]
• Kazakhs: 14,664,202 people, or 71.5% [2]
• Russians: 2,943,022 people, or 14.4% [2]
• GDP, January-March 2026: 34,562,043 million KZT, or $69,439.3 million [3]
• Average monthly wage, Q1 2026: 461,486 KZT; median wage 331,527 KZT [4]
• Annual inflation, April 2026: 10.6% [3]
• Base rate, April 24, 2026 decision: 18.0% with a +/- 1 percentage-point corridor [7]
• USD/KZT official rate for May 17, 2026: 470.17 [6]
• Accommodation establishments, 2025: 4,482 [5]
• Visitors served by accommodation, 2025: 10,087.1 thousand people [5]
• Inbound tourism crossings, 2025: 15,740,528 [5]
• Visa rules: country-specific ordinary-passport conditions in the MFA table dated 28 April 2026 [11]
• Kazakhstan time zone: UTC+5 nationwide since March 1, 2024 [15]
• IATA/OAG scheduled routes in 2025: 295 routes and 42 operating airlines [13]

Core sources fetched on May 16, 2026; city populations and visa rules rechecked on August 4, 2026

: Bureau of National Statistics, National Bank of Kazakhstan, World Bank,

Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa-regime table

, IATA/OAG, Aviation Administration of Kazakhstan, and the About Kazakhstan internal GSC warehouse pull dated 2026-05-16.

People & Demographics

Kazakhstan has 20,495,975 people on January 1, 2026, with 13.03 million urban (63.6%) and 7.47 million rural residents; ethnic Kazakhs are 71.5% of the population, Russians 14.4%, and Uzbeks 3.4% [1][2].

Kazakhstan crossed 20.5 million people in the official April 2026 dashboard, but the clean annual benchmark remains the January 1 publication: 20,495,975 people, 13,029,803 urban and 7,466,172 rural [1][3]. The refined age-and-ethnicity release, published later in March, uses a slightly revised total of 20,499,822 for its age and ethnicity tables [2].

Metric	2026 value	Source
Total population, January 1	20,495,975	BNS [1]
Total population, April 1	20,547,909	BNS [3]
Urban population, January 1	13,029,803	BNS [1]
Rural population, January 1	7,466,172	BNS [1]
Men, January 1	10,018,735	BNS [1]
Women, January 1	10,477,240	BNS [1]
Age 0-15	6,190,970	BNS [2]
Age 16-62 or 16-60	11,746,727	BNS [2]
Age 63 or 61 plus	2,562,125	BNS [2]

The ethnic composition is still majority Kazakh by a wide margin. BNS lists 14,664,202 Kazakhs, 2,943,022 Russians, and 695,557 Uzbeks at the beginning of 2026 [2].

Group	People	Share
Kazakhs	14,664,202	71.5%
Russians	2,943,022	14.4%
Uzbeks	695,557	3.4%
Ukrainians	367,547	1.8%
Uyghurs	309,164	1.5%

The largest city-region rows in the same release explain where population pressure is concentrated. Almaty city has 2,348,103 people, Astana city 1,639,176, Shymkent city 1,294,050, Turkistan region 2,149,205, and Almaty region 1,596,532 [2]. For the multilingual reality on the ground, see what language is spoken in Kazakhstan and the full Kazakhstan population breakdown.

Economy

Q1 2026 GDP was 34.56 trillion KZT ($69.44 billion) with a 103.0% physical-volume index, annual inflation at 10.6% in April, the National Bank base rate at 18.0% (April 24, 2026), and the official USD/KZT reference rate at 470.17 for May 17, 2026 [3][6][7].

The current official macro snapshot is mixed: real activity is still growing, but inflation and interest rates remain high. BNS reports January-March 2026 GDP at 34,562,043 million KZT, equal to $69,439.3 million in its dashboard conversion, with a GDP physical volume index of 103.0% [3]. The short-term economic indicator for January-April 2026 is 104.2% [3].

Metric	Latest value	Period	Source
GDP at current prices	34,562,043 million KZT	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
GDP at current prices	$69,439.3 million	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
GDP physical volume index	103.0%	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
Short-term economic indicator	104.2%	Jan-Apr 2026	BNS [3]
Foreign trade turnover	$32,902.8 million	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
Exports	$17,992.2 million	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
Imports	$14,910.6 million	Jan-Mar 2026	BNS [3]
Average monthly wage	461,486 KZT	Q1 2026	BNS [4]
Median monthly wage	331,527 KZT	Q1 2026	BNS [4]

For international comparison, World Bank’s latest non-null values are 2024: nominal GDP $291.48 billion, PPP GDP $842.05 billion, GDP per capita $14,154.63, and GDP per capita PPP $40,890.93 [10]. Those are older than the BNS 2026 flash figures, but they are useful because the World Bank API is standardized across countries.

USD/KZT metric	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Q4 2025	Current May 17, 2026
Official average rate	510.17	513.77	536.05	524.76	470.17

The National Bank kept the base rate at 18.0% on April 24, 2026, with a +/- 1 percentage-point corridor [7]. It cited March annual inflation of 11.0%, household inflation expectations of 14.6%, and professional-market expectations for 2026 inflation at 10.0% [7]. The BNS April inflation dashboard later showed annual CPI at 10.6%, food at 11.3%, non-food goods at 11.7%, and paid services at 8.9% [3].

External buffers are large. The National Bank’s Q4 2025 macro overview says Kazakhstan ended 2025 with $65.4 billion in NBK foreign-exchange reserves, $63.9 billion in National Fund assets, and $129 billion in total international reserves [8].

Tourism & Visitors

Kazakhstan recorded 15,740,528 inbound tourism crossings in 2025 (up from 15,262,368 in 2024), with Uzbekistan (5.59M), Kyrgyzstan (3.55M), and Russia (3.50M) as the top source countries; longer-haul markets are much smaller (Germany 95K, USA 39K, UK 24K) [5].

Tourism statistics need careful wording because border crossings, hotel guests, and actual leisure tourists are different metrics. The strongest official annual border-flow number I found is the BNS inbound-tourism dynamic table: 15,740,528 inbound tourism crossings in 2025, up from 15,262,368 in 2024 [5].

For the tourism-only source pack with hotels, domestic trips, investment, airports, visas, rankings, and downloadable CSV, use Kazakhstan tourism statistics 2026.

Metric	2024	2025	Source
Inbound tourism crossings	15,262,368	15,740,528	BNS dynamic table [5]
Air inbound crossings	1,599,347	1,897,216	BNS dynamic table [5]
Road inbound crossings	6,758,544	6,630,505	BNS dynamic table [5]
Rail inbound crossings	569,592	714,265	BNS dynamic table [5]
Walking-border inbound crossings	6,293,341	6,464,138	BNS dynamic table [5]
Tourism-purpose crossings	227,185	334,607	BNS dynamic table [5]
Transit-purpose crossings	459,650	337,304	BNS dynamic table [5]
Private-purpose crossings	13,125,170	13,468,768	BNS dynamic table [5]

The top source-country table is dominated by neighbors. In 2025, BNS lists Uzbekistan at 5,590,148 crossings, Kyrgyzstan 3,545,711, Russia 3,502,587, China 961,627, and Tajikistan 883,715 [5]. Longer-haul English-language markets are much smaller in the same table: Germany 95,229, the United States 38,525, and the United Kingdom 24,292 [5].

Source country	2025 inbound crossings
Uzbekistan	5,590,148
Kyrgyzstan	3,545,711
Russia	3,502,587
China	961,627
Tajikistan	883,715
India	157,845
Turkey	135,952
Germany	95,229
United States	38,525
United Kingdom	24,292

Who Comes vs Who Reads Us

Official visitor flows are regional. Early about-kazakhstan.com search demand is not. The internal GSC country snapshot from the 2026-05-16 warehouse pull has only 8 days of history, so it is not a trend. But it is useful as an intent-gap signal: the top audience countries by impressions were the USA with 39, Canada 30, France 19, the Philippines 13, and Australia 11. That is why this article answers both statistical and practical travel queries, including “kazakhstan visa policy updates 2026”, “currency of kazakhstan”, and “kazakhstan time zone utc+5 2026 official” [14]. For the practical traveler view, see the Kazakhstan tourism guide.

Visa Policy

Kazakhstan’s MFA table dated 28 April 2026 lists passport-specific rules: US, UK, and China ordinary passport holders get up to 30 days visa-free, India and Iran up to 14 days, and Russia and Uzbekistan up to 90 days [11].

The MFA visa-regime table is the decision source because it separates diplomatic, service, and ordinary passport treatment country by country. An aggregate “visa-free countries” count loses those passport types, duration limits, and country-specific notes, so check the live row before travel.

• US ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 30 days [11].
• UK ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 30 days [11].
• China ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 30 days [11].
• India ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 14 days [11].
• Iran ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 14 days [11].
• Russia and Uzbekistan ordinary passport holders: visa-free up to 90 days [11].
• Austria has a diplomatic-passport note from May 1, 2026, but the ordinary passport column remains visa-free up to 30 days [11].

This matters for demand. The local GSC pull already shows impressions for “kazakhstan visa policy updates 2026”, “visa free for kazakhstan”, “kazakhstan passport visa free countries”, and related queries [14]. The public data problem is that travelers often quote outdated 57-country lists; the current live MFA table is more granular.

Cities & Infrastructure

Three Kazakh cities exceed 1 million people. The Bureau of National Statistics reported 2,366,525 residents in Almaty, 1,674,699 in Astana, and 1,308,120 in Shymkent on 1 June 2026 [18][19][20].

Kazakhstan’s urban story is now three-city, not only Almaty versus Astana. Almaty remains the largest city, Astana is the political capital and aviation/administrative hub, and Shymkent is a southern million-plus city tied to Turkistan and Uzbekistan routes [18][19][20].

City	Population, 1 June 2026	Airport	Visitor-useful note
Almaty	2,366,525	ALA	Largest city and the main mountain-access base
Astana	1,674,699	NQZ	Capital, ministries, museums and planned architecture
Shymkent	1,308,120	CIT	Southern base for Turkistan and Uzbekistan routes

For city choices, use the Almaty guide, Astana guide, and current Almaty vs Astana comparison. The June figures come from the BNS regional pages for Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent.

Connectivity

Kazakhstan had 295 scheduled air routes in 2025 (up 12% from 263 in 2024) operated by 42 airlines across 22 airports, with internet user penetration at 93.39% of the population (World Bank, 2024) [10][13].

Kazakhstan has become easier to reach by air, and the official aviation data backs that up. The IATA/OAG 2025 snapshot counted 295 scheduled routes, up 12% from 263 in 2024, with 42 operating airlines and 22 airports with regularly scheduled flights [13]. It also shows 49% of routes with fewer than 20,000 seats per year, which is important because many regional links are thin and seasonal [13].

The Aviation Administration’s February 2026 route announcement lists new or resumed international services from Shymkent, Almaty, Astana, and Aktau. SCAT has 4 routes listed, Air Astana has 6 listed plus Almaty-Tokyo under consideration, and FlyArystan has 3 listed plus an Almaty-Riyadh plan [12].

Internet access is not the bottleneck it used to be. World Bank’s latest non-null API value puts Kazakhstan internet users at 93.39% of the population in 2024 [10]. For travelers, the practical answer is to set up mobile data before landing; the Kazakhstan eSIM guide compares Airalo, Holafly, Nomad, local Kcell, Beeline, Tele2, and Altel options.

Cost Of Travel Snapshot

The Q1 2026 average monthly nominal wage was 461,486 KZT and the median was 331,527 KZT [4]. Travel prices should not be frozen into the same dataset: hotel rates, rent, restaurant bills, taxis and train fares need a quote date and a defined product.

For a comparable visitor basket based on official price inputs, use the Kazakhstan travel cost index. For an actual trip, collect current hotel, transport and tour quotes in KZT, then convert them with the National Bank rate.

The official wage context helps frame those prices. Q1 2026 average monthly nominal wage was 461,486 KZT and the median wage was 331,527 KZT [4]. For visitors converting cash, the National Bank RSS reference rate used in this dataset was 470.17 KZT per USD for May 17, 2026 [6].

Culture & Notable Figures

Kazakhstan has 3,920 public libraries and 3,076 cultural and leisure organizations in BNS’s culture publication; the most-cited contemporary cultural figure online is singer Dimash Qudaibergen, whose official YouTube channel had 3,283,756 subscribers and 617M+ views at the snapshot date [16][17].

Kazakhstan’s linkable facts are not only macroeconomic. Culture and sport are often the search hooks that bring English-language readers into the country.

Fact	Number	Source
Dimash Qudaibergen official YouTube subscribers	3,283,756	SocialCounts snapshot [16]
Dimash official channel videos	237	SocialCounts snapshot [16]
Dimash official channel views	617M+	SocialCounts snapshot [16]
Gennady Golovkin professional record	42-2-1	Box.Live snapshot [16]
Public libraries in Kazakhstan	3,920	BNS culture publication [17]
Cultural and leisure organizations	3,076	BNS culture publication [17]

Those figures should be treated differently. BNS culture counts are official annual statistics. YouTube and boxing records are high-interest public facts but can change; the CSV marks the fetch date and source. For deeper cultural context, use what Kazakhstan is famous for, Kazakhstan traditional clothing, Nauryz in Kazakhstan (the spring-equinox national festival), Kazakh language basics, and Golden Man Kazakhstan.

Downloadable Dataset

📥 Download full dataset (CSV)

The CSV columns are:

Column	Description
metric	Human-readable fact name
value	Numeric value; blank if intentionally left as TODO
unit	People, percent, KZT, USD, crossings, routes, or other unit
year	Reference year or latest period year
source	Publisher or dataset owner
source_url	Public URL, API URL, or private warehouse marker for internal GSC rows
notes	Fetch date, limitation, or derivation note

License: open for journalistic, academic, and editorial use with attribution to About Kazakhstan and the original source named in each row.

Methodology

This dataset was first compiled on May 16, 2026, for ADR 003 D1. The three city populations and the ordinary-passport examples were rechecked against current official pages on August 4, 2026. Source priority was: Kazakhstan official statistics first, National Bank first for money and rates, official government tables for visas and time zone rules, World Bank API for standardized international comparisons, and then clearly labeled marketplace or internal site snapshots for travel-planning context. BNS XLSX files were parsed locally where the HTML page only summarized the publication. GSC data covers only an 8-day warehouse history, so it is used as intent-gap evidence, not a trend. Dynamic marketplace values should be rechecked before major republication. If a reader finds a newer official figure, use the contact link in the site footer and we will update the CSV with a dated note.

Use the Numbers for Trip Planning

The dataset is most useful when it points readers into concrete planning decisions. These pages translate the population, tourism, city, price, and connectivity data into the decisions travelers actually make.

Data angle	Planning page
Tourism flows and first-trip demand	Kazakhstan tourism guide
Almaty’s size, airport role, and hotel base	Almaty travel guide
Mobile coverage and arrival setup	eSIM Kazakhstan guide
Tian Shan access and season windows	Kazakhstan hiking guide
Language mix and daily-use phrases	Kazakh language basics

Sources & Methodology Footer

1. Bureau of National Statistics: population by gender and locality as of January 1, 2026
2. Bureau of National Statistics: population by ethnic groups and age groups at the beginning of 2026
3. Bureau of National Statistics main dashboard, fetched May 16, 2026
4. Bureau of National Statistics: wages in Q1 2026
5. Bureau of National Statistics: tourism statistics and inbound dynamic XLSX
6. National Bank of Kazakhstan RSS rates
7. National Bank of Kazakhstan base-rate decision, April 24, 2026
8. National Bank of Kazakhstan Q4 2025 macro and market overview
9. National Bank of Kazakhstan December 2025 statistical bulletin
10. World Bank Kazakhstan data API
11. Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa-regime table
12. Aviation Administration of Kazakhstan: 2026 route network expansion
13. IATA/OAG: Regional Air Connectivity in Kazakhstan, 2025 snapshot
14. Internal About Kazakhstan GSC warehouse pull dated 2026-05-16. The raw files are not public; values are reproduced in the CSV for transparency.
15. Government of Kazakhstan: nationwide UTC+5 time zone from March 1, 2024
16. SocialCounts and Box.Live public snapshots for Dimash and Gennady Golovkin, fetched May 16, 2026.
17. Bureau of National Statistics culture publication, 2024 public libraries and cultural organizations.
18. Bureau of National Statistics: Almaty regional page, population on 1 June 2026
19. Bureau of National Statistics: Astana regional page, population on 1 June 2026
20. Bureau of National Statistics: Shymkent regional page, population on 1 June 2026

Frequently Asked Questions

How many people live in Kazakhstan in 2026?

Kazakhstan had 20,495,975 people on January 1, 2026, according to the Bureau of National Statistics. The live dashboard later showed 20,547,909 people as of April 1, 2026.

What is the currency of Kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan uses the Kazakhstani tenge, currency code KZT. The National Bank RSS rate used in this dataset was 470.17 KZT per 1 USD for May 17, 2026.

Is Kazakhstan visa-free for US, EU, and UK travelers?

US and UK ordinary passport holders are visa-free up to 30 days. Many EU ordinary passport holders are also listed as visa-free up to 30 days in the MFA table, but always check the country row before travel because diplomatic, service, and ordinary passport columns can differ.

What time zone is Kazakhstan in 2026?

Kazakhstan uses one nationwide time zone: UTC+5. The government introduced the single time zone across the country from March 1, 2024.

What is the capital of Kazakhstan?

Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan. The refined BNS population release lists Astana city at 1,639,176 people at the beginning of 2026.

How many tourists visit Kazakhstan?

The safest current official wording is inbound tourism crossings, not unique tourists. BNS counted 15,740,528 inbound tourism crossings in 2025, including 1,897,216 by air and 6,630,505 by road.

What are the biggest cities in Kazakhstan?

The three biggest city administrations in the BNS snapshot for 1 June 2026 are Almaty city with 2,366,525 people, Astana city with 1,674,699, and Shymkent city with 1,308,120.

Where can I download Kazakhstan statistics as CSV?

Download the full CSV dataset for this article at /datasets/kazakhstan-by-the-numbers-2026.csv. It includes metric, value, unit, year, source, source_url, and notes columns.

Last verified: August 4, 2026. Next full refresh target: January 2027 after year-end BNS population and tourism updates.